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Middle High German ((ドイツ語:Mittelhochdeutsch)), abbreviated MHG (''Mhd.''), is the term used for the period in the history of the German language between 1050 and 1350. It is preceded by Old High German and followed by Early New High German. In some uses, the term covers a longer period, going up to 1500.〔so defined by ISO 639-3.〕 ==Varieties== Middle High German is not a unified written language and the term covers two main dialect areas:〔Hermann Paul, ''Mittelhochdeutsche Grammatik'', 23rd edition, revised by Peter Wiehl and Siegfried Grosse, Tübingen 1989, pp. 167ff.〕 * Upper German (''Oberdeutsch'') * * Alemannic (''Alemannisch'' = ''Westoberdeutsch'') * *Bavarian (''Bayerisch'' = ''Ostoberdeutsch'') * *East Franconian (''Ostfränkisch'' = ''Nordoberdeutsch'') * *South Franconian (''Südfränkisch'' = ''Südoberdeutsch'') * Central German or Middle German (''Mitteldeutsch'') * * West Central German (Franconian) (''Westmitteldeutsch'' = Fränkisch) * * * Ripuarian Franconian (''Ripuarisch'' or ''Rheinisch'') * * * Rhine Franconian (''Rheinfränkisch'') * * * Middle Franconian (''Mittelfränkisch'') * * *Hessian (''Hessisch'') * * East Central German (''Ostmitteldeutsch'') * * * Thuringian (''Thüringisch'') * * * Upper Saxon (''Obersächsisch'') * * * Silesian (''Schlesisch'') * * * High Prussian (''Hochpreußisch'') The Middle Low German and Middle Dutch areas in the North are not covered by MHG. While there is no ''standard'' MHG, the prestige of the Hohenstaufen court gave rise in the late 12th century to a supra-regional literary language (''mittelhochdeutsche Dichtersprache'') based on Swabian, an Alemannic dialect. However, the picture is complicated by the fact that modern editions of MHG texts have a tendency to use ''normalised'' spellings based on this variety (usually called "Classical MHG"), which make the written language appear more consistent than is actually the case in the manuscripts. It is uncertain whether the literary language reflected a supra-regional ''spoken'' language of the courts. An important development in this period was the eastward expansion of German settlement beyond the Elbe-Saale line which marked the limit of Old High German. This process started in the 11th century, and all the East Central German dialects are a result of this expansion. "Judeo-German" is the precursor of the Yiddish language which is attested in the 13th-14th centuries as a variety of Middle High German written in Hebrew characters. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Middle High German」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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